诵读“老三篇”与“学英雄见行动”有着怎样的必然联系？

　　李克勤(jixuie)题记：毛泽东文化里的“学英雄见行动”风气，那算得上实实在在的道器变通——想得通说得通行得通的社会风气。毫无疑问，这是毛主席革命路线指引的结果，可究竟如何走到“蔚然成风”这一步的，这需要从道器结合来认识、理解和解释。其中有个极其重要的环节不可忽视，那就是普遍化的诵读“老三篇”活动。

　　诵读“老三篇”，在道层面是对毛主席的思想体系的深化认识，同时也是对共产主义世界观理解的升华;在器层面，这又成了大众化的自觉行为——这是后来一些人不太理解的，可那的的确确是看得见摸得着的。

　　“老三篇”作为一个整体，恐怕得从毛泽东文化来认识。

　　老三篇，指的是毛主席三篇经典著作——《为人民服务》、《纪念白求恩》、《愚公移山》。

　　都是毛主席在抗日战争时期的著作，其中前两篇是为革命英烈而写。

　　《为人民服务》把中国共产党的信仰、信念、理想，用最通俗的语言加以表述、阐释，这对于绝大多数识字不多的中国人民而言，其文化意义是不可估量的。

　　《纪念白求恩》，给我们展示了一位外国共产党员的光辉形象，把国际主义精神，结合爱国主义情怀，在共产主义这个大背景下，说得清清楚楚，明明白白。

　　如果说《为人民服务》和《纪念白求恩》重点在讲世界观的话，那《愚公移山》则重点在讲世界观指导下的方法论。

　　老三篇，至少在中国，是不是最简洁最生动，同时又是最准确的马克思主义哲学文献?

　　这难道不是毛泽东文化易识别、易认可、易实践的典型?

　　最简洁，就是没有废话。

　　最生动，就是描述性语言多，因为都是在说人物，如张思德、白求恩、老愚公。

　　最准确，那就不言而喻了。

　　老三篇紧紧抓住了三位古今中外的英雄的道器变通，那这样的著作，可不可以算作文学作品呢?文学作品具有什么样的功能?看看历史进程吧!

　　下面把“老三篇”中英文收集整理，供参考。

　　01

　　为人民服务

　　1944年9月8日

　　这是毛泽东同志在中共中央直属机关为追悼张思德同志而召集的会议上所作的讲演。

　　注　　释

　　〔1〕张思德同志，中共中央警卫团的战士。一九三二年参加革命，经过长征，负过伤，是一个忠实为人民利益服务的共产党员。一九四四年九月五日在陕北安塞县山中烧炭，因炭窑崩塌而牺牲。

　　〔2〕司马迁，公元前二世纪人，中国著名的文学家和历史学家，著有《史记》一百三十篇。此处引语见他的《报任少卿书》。

　　〔3〕李鼎铭，陕北的开明士绅。曾被选为陕甘宁边区政府的副主席。

　　〔4〕这是当时陕甘宁边区和华北、华中、华南各解放区所拥有的人口的总数。

　　SERVE THE PEOPLE

　　September 8, 1944

　　[This speech was delivered by Comrade Mao Tse-tung at a memorial meeting for Comrade Chang Szu-teh, held by departments directly under the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.]

　　NOTES

　　1. Comrade Chang Szu-teh was a soldier in the Guards Regiment of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. A member of Communist Party who loyally served the interests of the people, he joined the revolution in 1933, took part in the Long March and was wounded in service. On September 5, 1944, when making charcoal in the mountains of Ansai County, northern Shensi, he was killed by the sudden collapse of a kiln.

　　2. Szuma Chien, the famous Chinese historian of the 2nd century B.C., was the author of theHistorical Records. The quotation comes from his "Reply to Jen Shao-ching's Letter".

　　3. Li Ting-ming, an enlightened landlord of northern Shensi Province, was at one time elected Vice-Chairman of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningsia Border Region Government.

　　4. This was the total population of the Shensi-Kansu-Ningela Border Region and all other Liberated Areas in northern, central and southern China.

　　02

　　纪念白求恩

　　1939年12月21日

　　注　　释

　　〔1〕白求恩即诺尔曼·白求恩(一八九○——一九三九)，加拿大共产党党员，著名的医生。一九三六年德意法西斯侵犯西班牙时，他曾经亲赴前线为反法西斯的西班牙人民服务。一九三七年中国的抗日战争爆发，他率领加拿大美国医疗队，于一九三八年初来中国，三月底到达延安，不久赴晋察冀边区，在那里工作了一年多。他的牺牲精神、工作热忱、责任心，均称模范。由于在一次为伤员施行急救手术时受感染，一九三九年十一月十二日在河北省唐县逝世。

　　〔2〕参见列宁《民族和殖民地问题提纲初稿》和《民族和殖民地问题委员会的报告》(《列宁全集》第39卷，人民出版社1986年版，第159—166、229—234页)。

　　IN MEMORY OF NORMAN BETHUNE

　　December 21, 1939

　　Comrade Norman Bethune,[1] a member of the

　　NOTES

　　1. The distinguished surgeon Norman Bethune was a member of the Canadian Communist Party. In 1936 when the German and Italian fascist bandits invaded Spain, he went to the front and worked for the anti-fascist Spanish people. In order to help the Chinese people in their War of Resistance Against Japan, he came to China at the head of a medical team and arrived in Yenan in the spring of 1938. Soon after he went to the Shansi-Chahar-Hopei border area. Imbued with ardent internationalism and the great communist spirit, he served the army and the people of the Liberated Areas for nearly two years. He contracted blood poisoning while operating on wounded soldiers and died in Tanghsien, Hopei, on November 12, 1939

　　2. See J. V. Stalin, "The Foundations of Leninism", Problems of Leninism, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1954, pp. 70-79.

　　03

　　愚公移山

　　1945年6月11日

　　这是毛泽东同志在中国共产党第七次全国代表大会上的闭幕词。

　　注　　释

　　THE FOOLISH OLD MAN WHO REMOVED THE MOUNTAINS

　　June 11, 1945

　　[This was Comrade Mao Tse-tung's concluding speech at the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China.]

　　the imperialist metropolitan countries.[2]Not only do these three contradictions continue to exist but they are becoming more acute and widespread. Because of their existence and growth, the time will come when the reactionary anti-Soviet, anti-Communist and anti-democratic

　　NOTES

　　l. Patrick J. Hurley, a reactionary Republican Party politician, was appointed U.S. ambassador to China towards the end of 1944. In November 1945 he was forced to resign because his support for Chiang Kai-shek's anti-Communist policy roused the firm opposition of the Chinese people. Harley's open declaration against cooperation with the Chinese Communist Party was made on April 2, 1945 at a U.S. State Department press conference in Washington. For details, see "The Hurley-Chiang Duet Is a Flop", pp. 281-84 of this volume.

　　2. See J. V. Stalin, "The Foundations of Leninism",Works, Eng. ed., FLPH, Moscow, 1953, Vol. VI, pp. 74-82.